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Background

DRS Playbook: a practical guide to scaling effective Deposit Return Schemes in Europe

Published: 29/04/2026

Deposit Return Schemes (DRS) is the most effective system for achieving high collection and recycling rates for beverage packaging. In a circular economy, beverage containers are valuable resources which when properly collected can be transformed into new bottles and cans, helping to reduce environmental impact and prevent litter.

However, setting up a new DRS is a complex task which touches upon many structural, financial and technical aspects, taking into account local specificities.

This is why Natural Mineral Waters Europe (NMWE) and UNESDA (Soft Drinks Association) commissioned OLHC Consultants to develop the DRS Playbook, a comprehensive, forward-looking guide that brings together practical experience and expert knowledge on DRS. It is intended as a structured resource for all stakeholders involved in DRS implementation, including beverage producers, importers, policymakers, and system operators.

Rather than assessing existing schemes, the Playbook focuses on principles and best practices to support the development of new efficient and locally adapted systems. It covers the full DRS value chain, including legislative framework, system design, stakeholder engagement, financial model, governance structure, technical specifications, consumer education, and fraud prevention.

The Playbook also explores key strategic questions such as deposit level setting, transition planning, and the integration of reuse models and digital innovations.

As a living document, the Playbook will evolve in line with new developments and experience gained across Europe.

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